Selection

select — keep columns

Keep only the specified columns, in the given order:

with customers as lean
    select customer_id, name, email

with sales as report
    select product, region, revenue, date

drop — remove columns

Remove specific columns, keep everything else:

with raw as clean
    drop internal_id, debug_flag, temp_col

distinct — remove duplicate rows

Deduplicate on all columns

Remove rows where every column is identical to another row:

with sales as unique
    distinct

Deduplicate on specific columns

Keep the first occurrence for each unique combination of the specified columns:

with sales as unique_products
    distinct product, category

Note

When specific columns are provided, only those columns are kept in the result. If you want to deduplicate based on certain columns but keep all columns, combine with a merge or use apply with a Python function.

rename — rename columns

with sales as renamed
    rename product as item, quantity as qty, unit_price as price

Multiple renames in one statement, separated by commas.